This article gives an overview of various catalogues of classical compositions that have come into general use.

A caudillo (Spanish pronunciation: [kawˈdiʎo]; Old Spanish: cabdillo, from Latin capitellum, diminutive of caput "head". Caudillo means "little head" or "little chief") is part of the larger Iberian tradition of authoritarian leaders, with roots in the Iberian past, particularly in the Reconquista. A number of military leaders who were part of the Spanish American struggle for independence took on political roles in during the establishment of new sovereign nation-states. The establishment of military strong men as the head of new national governments did not generally come via elections, but many did have strong popular support. Caudillos often have a personalist connection with their popular followers, combining charisma and machismo ("manliness") and access to political and economic power. They often desire to legitimize their rule. Many caudillos brought order to their areas of control, but also resorted to violence with their armed supporters to achieve it. The early nineteenth century has been considered the "Age of Caudillos," but authoritarian regimes existed in the twentieth century as well, with caudillismo casting a long shadow.

Enric Granados i Campiña, born Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916) was a Spanish and Catalan composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz, Joaquin Malats and other pianists, he was part of the modern Catalan school of piano, initiated by Pere Tintorer. He is known for his piano works, such as the Goyescas suite, on which he also based the opera of the same name. He created a piano school in Barcelona, ​​the Acadèmia Granados, which has produced a long list of talented pianists, with such notable figures as Frank Marshall and Alicia de Larrocha. He died in the attack on the SS Sussex, in the English Channel, when it was torpedoed by the German navy during the course of World War I. He had received the Order of Charles III and the French Legion of Honour. Granados' personal collection is preserved in the Library of Catalonia and the Museu de la Música de Barcelona, and includes his epistolary collection with letters from Pablo Casals, Enrique Fernández Arbós, Jules Massenet, and others.

Enric Granados i Campiña, born Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916) was a Spanish and Catalan composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz, Joaquin Malats and other pianists, he was part of the modern Catalan school of piano, initiated by Pere Tintorer. He is known for his piano works, such as the Goyescas suite, on which he also based the opera of the same name. He created a piano school in Barcelona, ​​the Acadèmia Granados, which has produced a long list of talented pianists, with such notable figures as Frank Marshall and Alicia de Larrocha. He died in the attack on the SS Sussex, in the English Channel, when it was torpedoed by the German navy during the course of World War I. He had received the Order of Charles III and the French Legion of Honour. Granados' personal collection is preserved in the Library of Catalonia and the Museu de la Música de Barcelona, and includes his epistolary collection with letters from Pablo Casals, Enrique Fernández Arbós, Jules Massenet, and others.

In classical music, a piano quintet is a work of chamber music written for piano and four other instruments, most commonly (since 1842) a string quartet (i.e., two violins, viola, and cello). The term also refers to the group of musicians that plays a piano quintet. The genre flourished during the nineteenth century. Until the middle of the nineteenth century, most piano quintets were scored for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Following the success of Robert Schumann's Piano Quintet in E♭ major, Op. 44 in 1842, which paired the piano with a string quartet, composers increasingly adopted Schumann's instrumentation, and it was this form of the piano quintet that dominated during the second half of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century. Among the best known and most frequently performed piano quintets, aside from Schumann's, are Schubert's Trout quintet and the piano quintets of Johannes Brahms, César Franck, Antonín Dvořák and Dmitri Shostakovich.

Frederic Mompou Dencausse (Catalan: [fɾəðəˈɾiɡ mumˈpow]; 16 April 1893 – 30 June 1987), or Federico Mompou, was a Catalan composer and pianist.

Adolfo Odnoposoff (Buenos Aires, 22 February 1917 – Denton, Texas, 13 March 1992) was an Argentine-born-and-raised cellist of Russian ancestry who performed in concerts for 5 decades in South, Central, and North America, the Caribbean, Europe, Israel, and the former USSR. He had performed as principal cellist in the Israel Philharmonic and many of the important orchestras of Latin America. He had soloed with major orchestras under conductors that include Arturo Toscanini, Erich Kleiber, Fritz Busch, Juan José Castro, Rafael Kubelik, Victor Tevah, Luis Herrera de la Fuente, Carlos Chavez, Paul Kletzki, Luis Ximénez Caballero (es), Willem van Otterloo, Sir John Barbirolli, Eduardo Mata, Antal Doráti, Jorge Sarmientos (es), Erich Kleiber, George Singer (1908–1980), Ricardo del Carmen (1937-2003), Anshel Brusilow, Pau Casals and Enrique Gimeno. He also performed a Khachaturian work under the direction of Khachaturian.

Twelve Spanish Dances (Spanish: Doce danzas españolas) is a suite for piano by Spanish composer Enrique Granados. One of Granados's best-known works, it was released in four volumes.

Enric Granados i Campiña, born Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916) was a Spanish and Catalan composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz, Joaquin Malats and other pianists, he was part of the modern Catalan school of piano, initiated by Pere Tintorer. He is known for his piano works, such as the Goyescas suite, on which he also based the opera of the same name. He created a piano school in Barcelona, ​​the Acadèmia Granados, which has produced a long list of talented pianists, with such notable figures as Frank Marshall and Alicia de Larrocha. He died in the attack on the SS Sussex, in the English Channel, when it was torpedoed by the German navy during the course of World War I. He had received the Order of Charles III and the French Legion of Honour. Granados' personal collection is preserved in the Library of Catalonia and the Museu de la Música de Barcelona, and includes his epistolary collection with letters from Pablo Casals, Enrique Fernández Arbós, Jules Massenet, and others.

Twelve Spanish Dances (Spanish: Doce danzas españolas) is a suite for piano by Spanish composer Enrique Granados. One of Granados's best-known works, it was released in four volumes.

The history of opera has a relatively short duration within the context of the history of music in general. It appeared in 1597, when the first opera, Dafne, by Jacopo Peri, was created. Since then it has developed parallel to the various musical currents that have followed one another over time up to the present day, generally linked to the current concept of classical music. Opera (from the Latin opera, plural of opus, "work") is a musical genre that combines symphonic music, usually performed by an orchestra, and a written dramatic text—expressed in the form of a libretto—interpreted vocally by singers of different tessitura: tenor, baritone, and bass for the male register, and soprano, mezzo-soprano, and contralto for the female, in addition to the so-called white voices (those of children) or in falsetto (castrato, countertenor). Generally, the musical work contains overtures, interludes and musical accompaniments, while the sung part can be in choir or solo, duet, trio, or various combinations, in different structures such as recitative or aria. There are various genres, such as classical opera, chamber opera, operetta, musical, singspiel, and zarzuela. On the other hand, as in theater, there is dramatic opera (opera seria) and comic opera (opera buffa), as well as a hybrid between the two: the dramma giocoso. As a multidisciplinary art form, opera combines music, drama, dance, scenography, costume, and makeup, relying on collaborative work between the composer, librettist, performers, conductor, and production team. Designed for live audiences, opera has historically reflected prevailing cultural, philosophical, religious, and political ideas. Opera originated with the Florentine Camerata, a group of late 16th-century humanists who sought to revive the musical and dramatic traditions of Ancient Greek theater. This led to early works by Jacopo Peri, including Dafne (1597) and Euridice (1600), and Claudio Monteverdi's L'Orfeo (1607), which helped define the genre by introducing structured arias and instrumental sinfonias. The genre evolved through major musical periods. The Baroque era (17th–mid-18th century) established many operatic conventions and was marked by elaborate vocal and scenic elements, accessible mainly to elites. The Classical period emphasized clarity and balance, with major contributions from Mozart and Beethoven. In the 19th century, Romanticism elevated the status of composers and vocalists, reflecting bourgeois tastes and giving rise to national operatic traditions. Later developments included French impressionism and Italian verismo. The 20th century introduced Modernist approaches and new technologies—radio, phonograph, and television—which expanded opera’s reach, while earlier works remained central to repertory. During the course of history, within opera there have been differences of opinion as to which of its components was more important, the music or the text, or even whether the importance lay in the singing and virtuosity of the performers, a phenomenon that gave rise to bel canto and to the appearance of figures such as the diva or prima donna. From its beginnings until the consolidation of classicism, the text enjoyed greater importance, always linked to the visual spectacle, the lavish decorations and the complex baroque scenographies; Claudio Monteverdi said in this respect: "the word must be decisive, it must direct the harmony, not serve it." However, since the reform carried out by Gluck and the appearance of renowned composers such as Mozart, music as the main component of opera became more and more important. Mozart himself once commented: "poetry must be the obedient servant of music". Other authors, such as Richard Wagner, sought to bring together all the arts in a single creation, which he called "total work of art" (Gesamtkunstwerk).

This list is a collection of the final resting sites of notable composers and musicians in the history of classical music. It includes photographs of the graves alongside notes providing some context or additional information. In cases where the grave has not been preserved or has been lost, the list includes the current location of the tombstone, plaque or memorial commemorating the burial place of the respective classical musician, if such a commemoration exists. The list is limited to composers, conductors, instrumentalists and other figures of significant fame, notability or importance in the classical music tradition who also have current Wikipedia articles. This is not an exhaustive list.

José Julián Martí Pérez (Spanish: [xoˈse maɾˈti]; 28 January 1853 – 19 May 1895) was a Cuban nationalist, poet, philosopher, essayist, journalist, translator, professor, and publisher, who is considered a Cuban national hero because of his role in the liberation of his country from Spain. He was also an important figure in Latin American literature. He was a political activist and is considered an important philosopher and political theorist. Through his writings and political activity, he became a symbol of Cuba's bid for independence from the Spanish Empire in the 19th century and is referred to as the "Apostle of Cuban Independence". From adolescence on, he dedicated his life to the promotion of liberty, political independence for Cuba, and intellectual independence for all Spanish Americans; his death was used as a cry for Cuban independence from Spain by both the Cuban revolutionaries and those Cubans previously reluctant to start a revolt. Born in Havana, Spanish Empire, Martí began his political activism at an early age. He traveled extensively in Spain, Latin America, and the United States, raising awareness and support for the cause of Cuban independence. His unification of the Cuban émigré community, particularly in Florida, was crucial to the success of the Cuban War of Independence against Spain. He was a key figure in the planning and execution of this war, as well as the designer of the Cuban Revolutionary Party and its ideology. He died in military action during the Battle of Dos Ríos on 19 May 1895. Martí is considered one of the great turn-of-the-century Latin American intellectuals. His written works include a series of poems, essays, letters, lectures, a novel, and a children's magazine. He wrote for numerous Latin American and American newspapers; he also founded a number of newspapers. One of those newspapers, Patria, was an important instrument in his campaign for Cuban independence. After his death, many of his verses from the book Versos Sencillos (Simple Verses) were adapted to the patriotic song "Guantanamera", which has become a prominent representative song of Cuba. The concepts of freedom, liberty and democracy are prominent themes in all of his works, which were influential on Nicaraguan poet Rubén Darío and Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral. Following the 1959 Cuban Revolution, Martí's ideology became a major driving force in Cuban politics. He is also regarded as Cuba's "martyr".

Twelve Spanish Dances (Spanish: Doce danzas españolas) is a suite for piano by Spanish composer Enrique Granados. One of Granados's best-known works, it was released in four volumes.

Enric Granados i Campiña, born Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916) was a Spanish and Catalan composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz, Joaquin Malats and other pianists, he was part of the modern Catalan school of piano, initiated by Pere Tintorer. He is known for his piano works, such as the Goyescas suite, on which he also based the opera of the same name. He created a piano school in Barcelona, ​​the Acadèmia Granados, which has produced a long list of talented pianists, with such notable figures as Frank Marshall and Alicia de Larrocha. He died in the attack on the SS Sussex, in the English Channel, when it was torpedoed by the German navy during the course of World War I. He had received the Order of Charles III and the French Legion of Honour. Granados' personal collection is preserved in the Library of Catalonia and the Museu de la Música de Barcelona, and includes his epistolary collection with letters from Pablo Casals, Enrique Fernández Arbós, Jules Massenet, and others.

The following is a list of operas and operettas with entries in Wikipedia. The entries are sorted alphabetically by title, with the name of the composer and the year of the first performance also given. For a list of operas sorted by name of composer, see List of operas by composer.

Enric Granados i Campiña, born Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916) was a Spanish and Catalan composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz, Joaquin Malats and other pianists, he was part of the modern Catalan school of piano, initiated by Pere Tintorer. He is known for his piano works, such as the Goyescas suite, on which he also based the opera of the same name. He created a piano school in Barcelona, ​​the Acadèmia Granados, which has produced a long list of talented pianists, with such notable figures as Frank Marshall and Alicia de Larrocha. He died in the attack on the SS Sussex, in the English Channel, when it was torpedoed by the German navy during the course of World War I. He had received the Order of Charles III and the French Legion of Honour. Granados' personal collection is preserved in the Library of Catalonia and the Museu de la Música de Barcelona, and includes his epistolary collection with letters from Pablo Casals, Enrique Fernández Arbós, Jules Massenet, and others.

Among the fairly large repertoire for the standard piano trio (violin, cello, and piano) are the following works: Ordering is by surname of composer.

Frederic Mompou Dencausse (Catalan: [fɾəðəˈɾiɡ mumˈpow]; 16 April 1893 – 30 June 1987), or Federico Mompou, was a Catalan composer and pianist.

Enric Granados i Campiña, born Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916) was a Spanish and Catalan composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz, Joaquin Malats and other pianists, he was part of the modern Catalan school of piano, initiated by Pere Tintorer. He is known for his piano works, such as the Goyescas suite, on which he also based the opera of the same name. He created a piano school in Barcelona, ​​the Acadèmia Granados, which has produced a long list of talented pianists, with such notable figures as Frank Marshall and Alicia de Larrocha. He died in the attack on the SS Sussex, in the English Channel, when it was torpedoed by the German navy during the course of World War I. He had received the Order of Charles III and the French Legion of Honour. Granados' personal collection is preserved in the Library of Catalonia and the Museu de la Música de Barcelona, and includes his epistolary collection with letters from Pablo Casals, Enrique Fernández Arbós, Jules Massenet, and others.

The history of opera has a relatively short duration within the context of the history of music in general. It appeared in 1597, when the first opera, Dafne, by Jacopo Peri, was created. Since then it has developed parallel to the various musical currents that have followed one another over time up to the present day, generally linked to the current concept of classical music. Opera (from the Latin opera, plural of opus, "work") is a musical genre that combines symphonic music, usually performed by an orchestra, and a written dramatic text—expressed in the form of a libretto—interpreted vocally by singers of different tessitura: tenor, baritone, and bass for the male register, and soprano, mezzo-soprano, and contralto for the female, in addition to the so-called white voices (those of children) or in falsetto (castrato, countertenor). Generally, the musical work contains overtures, interludes and musical accompaniments, while the sung part can be in choir or solo, duet, trio, or various combinations, in different structures such as recitative or aria. There are various genres, such as classical opera, chamber opera, operetta, musical, singspiel, and zarzuela. On the other hand, as in theater, there is dramatic opera (opera seria) and comic opera (opera buffa), as well as a hybrid between the two: the dramma giocoso. As a multidisciplinary art form, opera combines music, drama, dance, scenography, costume, and makeup, relying on collaborative work between the composer, librettist, performers, conductor, and production team. Designed for live audiences, opera has historically reflected prevailing cultural, philosophical, religious, and political ideas. Opera originated with the Florentine Camerata, a group of late 16th-century humanists who sought to revive the musical and dramatic traditions of Ancient Greek theater. This led to early works by Jacopo Peri, including Dafne (1597) and Euridice (1600), and Claudio Monteverdi's L'Orfeo (1607), which helped define the genre by introducing structured arias and instrumental sinfonias. The genre evolved through major musical periods. The Baroque era (17th–mid-18th century) established many operatic conventions and was marked by elaborate vocal and scenic elements, accessible mainly to elites. The Classical period emphasized clarity and balance, with major contributions from Mozart and Beethoven. In the 19th century, Romanticism elevated the status of composers and vocalists, reflecting bourgeois tastes and giving rise to national operatic traditions. Later developments included French impressionism and Italian verismo. The 20th century introduced Modernist approaches and new technologies—radio, phonograph, and television—which expanded opera’s reach, while earlier works remained central to repertory. During the course of history, within opera there have been differences of opinion as to which of its components was more important, the music or the text, or even whether the importance lay in the singing and virtuosity of the performers, a phenomenon that gave rise to bel canto and to the appearance of figures such as the diva or prima donna. From its beginnings until the consolidation of classicism, the text enjoyed greater importance, always linked to the visual spectacle, the lavish decorations and the complex baroque scenographies; Claudio Monteverdi said in this respect: "the word must be decisive, it must direct the harmony, not serve it." However, since the reform carried out by Gluck and the appearance of renowned composers such as Mozart, music as the main component of opera became more and more important. Mozart himself once commented: "poetry must be the obedient servant of music". Other authors, such as Richard Wagner, sought to bring together all the arts in a single creation, which he called "total work of art" (Gesamtkunstwerk).

Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in northern Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast (in the adjacency zone) by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the south and the Gulf of Honduras to the northeast. The territory of modern Guatemala hosted the core of the Maya civilization, which extended across Mesoamerica; in the 16th century, most of this was conquered by the Spanish and claimed as part of the viceroyalty of New Spain. Guatemala attained independence from Spain and Mexico in 1821. From 1823 to 1841, it was part of the Federal Republic of Central America. For the latter half of the 19th century, Guatemala suffered instability and civil strife. From the early 20th century, it was ruled by a series of dictators backed by the United States. In 1944, authoritarian leader Jorge Ubico was overthrown by a pro-democratic military coup, initiating a decade-long revolution that led to social and economic reforms. In 1954, a U.S.-backed military coup ended the revolution and installed a dictatorship. From 1960 to 1996, Guatemala endured a bloody civil war fought between the U.S.-backed government and leftist rebels, including genocidal massacres of the Maya population perpetrated by the Guatemalan military. The United Nations negotiated a peace accord, resulting in economic growth and successive democratic elections. Guatemala's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems includes many endemic species and contributes to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot. Although rich in export goods, around a quarter of the population (4.6 million) face food insecurity; other major issues include poverty, crime, corruption, drug trafficking, and civil instability. With an estimated population of around 17.6 million, Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America, the fourth most populous country in North America and the 11th most populous country in the Americas. Its capital and largest city, Guatemala City, is the most populous city in Central America.

A coup d'état, often abbreviated to coup, is the overthrow of a lawful government through illegal means. If force or violence are not involved, such an event is sometimes called a soft or bloodless coup. In another variation known as a self-coup, a ruler who came to power through legal means may try to stay in power through illegal means, thus preventing the next legal ruler from taking power. This is a chronological list of such coups and coup attempts, from ancient times to the present.

Enric Granados i Campiña, born Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916) was a Spanish and Catalan composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz, Joaquin Malats and other pianists, he was part of the modern Catalan school of piano, initiated by Pere Tintorer. He is known for his piano works, such as the Goyescas suite, on which he also based the opera of the same name. He created a piano school in Barcelona, ​​the Acadèmia Granados, which has produced a long list of talented pianists, with such notable figures as Frank Marshall and Alicia de Larrocha. He died in the attack on the SS Sussex, in the English Channel, when it was torpedoed by the German navy during the course of World War I. He had received the Order of Charles III and the French Legion of Honour. Granados' personal collection is preserved in the Library of Catalonia and the Museu de la Música de Barcelona, and includes his epistolary collection with letters from Pablo Casals, Enrique Fernández Arbós, Jules Massenet, and others.

This is a list of compositions for cello and piano. It includes sonatas as well as other pieces for cello and piano.

This is a list of compositions for cello and piano. It includes sonatas as well as other pieces for cello and piano.

Enric Granados i Campiña, born Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916) was a Spanish and Catalan composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz, Joaquin Malats and other pianists, he was part of the modern Catalan school of piano, initiated by Pere Tintorer. He is known for his piano works, such as the Goyescas suite, on which he also based the opera of the same name. He created a piano school in Barcelona, ​​the Acadèmia Granados, which has produced a long list of talented pianists, with such notable figures as Frank Marshall and Alicia de Larrocha. He died in the attack on the SS Sussex, in the English Channel, when it was torpedoed by the German navy during the course of World War I. He had received the Order of Charles III and the French Legion of Honour. Granados' personal collection is preserved in the Library of Catalonia and the Museu de la Música de Barcelona, and includes his epistolary collection with letters from Pablo Casals, Enrique Fernández Arbós, Jules Massenet, and others.

The urban planning of Barcelona developed in accordance with the historical and territorial changes of the city, and in line with other defining factors of public space, such as architecture, urban infrastructure and the adaptation and maintenance of natural spaces, parks and gardens. The urban evolution of Barcelona has been constant since its foundation in Roman times to the present day, although since the nineteenth century it has been accentuated thanks to the Eixample plan and the aggregation of neighboring municipalities. Until the nineteenth century the city was constrained by its medieval walls as it was considered a military square, so its growth was limited. The situation changed with the demolition of the walls and the donation to the city of the fortress of the Citadel, which led to the expansion of the city across the adjacent plain, a fact that was reflected in the Eixample project drawn up by Ildefons Cerdà, which was the largest territorial expansion of Barcelona. Another significant increase in the area of the Catalan capital was the annexation of several municipalities adjoining Barcelona between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which led to a Plan of Connections (Spanish: Plan de Enlaces) drawn up in 1903. Subsequently, urban development was marked by the increase in population due to immigration from other parts of Spain, which led to various urban projects such as the Regional Plan of 1953 or the Metropolitan General Plan of 1976. Likewise, the adaptation of the urban space of the city has been favored between the 19th and 21st centuries by various events held in the city, such as the Universal Exposition of 1888, the International Exposition of 1929, the International Eucharistic Congress held in 1952, the 1992 Summer Olympics, the 1992 Summer Paralympics and the Universal Forum of Cultures of 2004. Urban development in recent years and the commitment to design and innovation, as well as the linking of urban planning with ecological values and sustainability, have made the Catalan capital one of the leading European cities in the field of urban planning, a fact that has been recognized with numerous awards and distinctions, such as the Prince of Wales Award for Urban Planning from Harvard University (1990) and the Royal Gold Medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1999. The work carried out and the awards received have led to talk of a "Barcelona Model" of urban planning, which has served as a guide for numerous cities that have embarked on similar paths.

Spanish Masters (released as Sounds of Spain / Concerto d'Aranjuez in France) is the seventh album released by the Paris-based Swingle Singers. All tracks from this album are also included on the 11 disk Philips boxed set, Swingle Singers.

This is an incomplete list of musical compositions and pedagogical writings by the Spanish composer and pianist Enrique Granados.

Twelve Spanish Dances (Spanish: Doce danzas españolas) is a suite for piano by Spanish composer Enrique Granados. One of Granados's best-known works, it was released in four volumes.

The history of opera has a relatively short duration within the context of the history of music in general. It appeared in 1597, when the first opera, Dafne, by Jacopo Peri, was created. Since then it has developed parallel to the various musical currents that have followed one another over time up to the present day, generally linked to the current concept of classical music. Opera (from the Latin opera, plural of opus, "work") is a musical genre that combines symphonic music, usually performed by an orchestra, and a written dramatic text—expressed in the form of a libretto—interpreted vocally by singers of different tessitura: tenor, baritone, and bass for the male register, and soprano, mezzo-soprano, and contralto for the female, in addition to the so-called white voices (those of children) or in falsetto (castrato, countertenor). Generally, the musical work contains overtures, interludes and musical accompaniments, while the sung part can be in choir or solo, duet, trio, or various combinations, in different structures such as recitative or aria. There are various genres, such as classical opera, chamber opera, operetta, musical, singspiel, and zarzuela. On the other hand, as in theater, there is dramatic opera (opera seria) and comic opera (opera buffa), as well as a hybrid between the two: the dramma giocoso. As a multidisciplinary art form, opera combines music, drama, dance, scenography, costume, and makeup, relying on collaborative work between the composer, librettist, performers, conductor, and production team. Designed for live audiences, opera has historically reflected prevailing cultural, philosophical, religious, and political ideas. Opera originated with the Florentine Camerata, a group of late 16th-century humanists who sought to revive the musical and dramatic traditions of Ancient Greek theater. This led to early works by Jacopo Peri, including Dafne (1597) and Euridice (1600), and Claudio Monteverdi's L'Orfeo (1607), which helped define the genre by introducing structured arias and instrumental sinfonias. The genre evolved through major musical periods. The Baroque era (17th–mid-18th century) established many operatic conventions and was marked by elaborate vocal and scenic elements, accessible mainly to elites. The Classical period emphasized clarity and balance, with major contributions from Mozart and Beethoven. In the 19th century, Romanticism elevated the status of composers and vocalists, reflecting bourgeois tastes and giving rise to national operatic traditions. Later developments included French impressionism and Italian verismo. The 20th century introduced Modernist approaches and new technologies—radio, phonograph, and television—which expanded opera’s reach, while earlier works remained central to repertory. During the course of history, within opera there have been differences of opinion as to which of its components was more important, the music or the text, or even whether the importance lay in the singing and virtuosity of the performers, a phenomenon that gave rise to bel canto and to the appearance of figures such as the diva or prima donna. From its beginnings until the consolidation of classicism, the text enjoyed greater importance, always linked to the visual spectacle, the lavish decorations and the complex baroque scenographies; Claudio Monteverdi said in this respect: "the word must be decisive, it must direct the harmony, not serve it." However, since the reform carried out by Gluck and the appearance of renowned composers such as Mozart, music as the main component of opera became more and more important. Mozart himself once commented: "poetry must be the obedient servant of music". Other authors, such as Richard Wagner, sought to bring together all the arts in a single creation, which he called "total work of art" (Gesamtkunstwerk).

Enric Granados i Campiña, born Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916) was a Spanish and Catalan composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz, Joaquin Malats and other pianists, he was part of the modern Catalan school of piano, initiated by Pere Tintorer. He is known for his piano works, such as the Goyescas suite, on which he also based the opera of the same name. He created a piano school in Barcelona, ​​the Acadèmia Granados, which has produced a long list of talented pianists, with such notable figures as Frank Marshall and Alicia de Larrocha. He died in the attack on the SS Sussex, in the English Channel, when it was torpedoed by the German navy during the course of World War I. He had received the Order of Charles III and the French Legion of Honour. Granados' personal collection is preserved in the Library of Catalonia and the Museu de la Música de Barcelona, and includes his epistolary collection with letters from Pablo Casals, Enrique Fernández Arbós, Jules Massenet, and others.

This is a list of musical compositions for keyboard instruments such as the piano, organ or harpsichord and orchestra. See entries for concerto, piano concerto, organ concerto and harpsichord concerto for a description of related musical forms.

Twelve Spanish Dances (Spanish: Doce danzas españolas) is a suite for piano by Spanish composer Enrique Granados. One of Granados's best-known works, it was released in four volumes.